![]() The table below has real-world example times for comparison.ġ.3 Example Certificates using ECC keys, example 571 bit Starting at 8192 Bit key sizes, the key generation time curve starts to go up drastically. # define OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITSđ0000 OpenSSL limits the DSA keysize per crypto/dsa/dsa.h: The error message "dsa routines:DSA_do_verify:modulus too large" is thrown when OpenSSL tries to verify the signature on the request. *1: In a default compilation, OpenSSL 1.0.0e () cannot create certificates with a 16384 bit DSA key. Similar to the certificate test set above, this set consists of basic certificates with matching keys, and certificate requests using the DSA encryption algorithm: (2014)ġ.2 Example Certificates using DSA keys ranging from 512 to 16384 Bit *2 Generating a 32k RSA keypair took slighty over five hours. Per assumption that ultra-large keys make no sense in real world conditions. OpenSSL limits the RSA keysize per crypto/rsa/rsa.h: # define OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITSđ6384 *1 Starting with 32k keys, a default compilation of OpenSSL starts to fail verifying the signature, and is unable to sign the certificate request. ![]() Root CA: DER Format (960 bytes) / PEM Format (1354 bytes). This certificate test set consists of basic certificates with matching keys, and certificate requests using the RSA encryption algorithm.įor certificates with RSA keys, the smallest possible key size is 384 bit (not generated), the biggest successfully tested size is 16384 bit. The following exemplary certificate creation process has been used to generate the example certificates with variations in key size and type:Ĭertexamples-creation.txt 1.1 Example Certificates using RSA keys ranging from 512 to 32768 Bit lately, the trend is to increase key size for added protection, making 2048 bit standard, and 4096 bit are not uncommon. Example Certificates with varied key type and key sizeĬertificate keys have a upper and lower limit in OpenSSL. For simple cert generation functions, check the online WebCert application.ġ. ![]() If not mentioned otherwise, certificates have been signed using the local WebCert CA certificate. If possible, the matching certificate requests and keys are included for completeness. It is not always clear what limits are imposed and how applications work (or fail) if they encounter strange und uncommon values. Certificates have various key types, sizes, and a variety of other options in- and outside of specs. Below is a collection of X509 certificates I use for testing and verification. ![]()
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